Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:13 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

This study assessed the socioeconomic status of the fishing households, was carried out in two villages of Patharghata upazilla in Barguna District, Bangladesh. Data were collected from a purposively drawn sample of 60 fisher’s households through household surveys as well as from secondary sources. Most of the data were collected during 9 October to 30 October, 2022 because the government of Bangladesh banned to catch fish at that time. From the survey it was found that about half of the fisherman is full time and most of the households are male headed.  Maximum number of family are small (63.3%) and average family size of the examined households was 4.32 which is almost same as the national average. Highest percentage (55%) of the fishermen is young (15 to 49 years) where about 92% of the household heads (92%) are married. By religion, 46.67% fishermen are Muslims and majority (53.33%) fishermen are Hindus. In terms of education, 46.7% had education up to primary level, 23.33% of fishermen in secondary level and 30% had no education. The average working hour of the fisherman was almost 7 hours. So, from this study, we can conclude that the socioeconomic statuses of the coastal fishermen of the selected area were not satisfactory and the fishermen were underprivileged of many facilities.

The environment refers to a very large set consisting of various factors created as a result of a gradual process and evolution of living organisms and components of the earth's surface Therefore, it affects human activities and other components such as military, political, economic power, etc. Green tax (taxation), which is a kind of pricing of polluting substances, can be considered as an economic tool and incentive that is flexible and has the necessary efficiency The current study has been conducted with the aim of identifying the capacities and shortcomings of the law on the Value-Added Tax (VAT) in terms of environmental rights and realizing tax justice and environmental justice This research is considered as a qualitative study and was conducted using documentary analysis with a descriptive-analytical approach The library method was used to collect data and information, and the taking note method was used as a tool to collect information In other words, the information was collected by reading books, articles and websites as well as databases and citations, the website of the legal research center and referring to the digital libraries of law universities and libraries According to the results of the studies, using such taxes as a financial policy tool can bring many benefits to reduce and control environmental pollution These taxes, in addition to financing the government in a healthy way, maintain the necessary context for the rapid development of the country.

This study mainly aims at recognizing the effect of the expansion of Iran’s business relations in 19th century, in the form of global international capitalism system and its effect on the formation of intermediary marketers in Qajar Dynasty.  Historical research method is used in this study and travel reports, memories and historical documents have been used in this study to collect information. According to the research findings, expanding business relations with European countries and Russia, gradually and throughout the time and at the end of the first half of 19th century, the marketers of Qajar Dynasty turned into the intermediaries of commodities produced by colonizing countries and exporters of raw materials to them. Despite making effort to form business companies in a modern way, high-order marketers merely fomented the process of Iran’s dependency and turning it into the market of western commodities due to turning to exchange and intermediation and their measures led to the closure of production workshops. As a result, more than the formation of an independent capitalist class, petite bourgeoisie class and few intermediary capitalist class were widely formed at the end of 19th century.

Many feminist activists, governmental and non-governmental organizations have taken an interest in the problem of women's empowerment as a fundamental idea in all perspectives on women, particularly in recent years. Reviewing previous research in the area of empowerment is the goal of the present study. Based on this, all scientific-research publications published between 2001 and 2011 that included the keywords empowerment and empowerment were initially pulled from Noor Magazine reference database and Jihad University's scientific database, respectively. The most relevant articles to the study's goals were then chosen based on the entrance and exit criteria. The data extraction worksheets were constructed and altered in the format of 8 indicators and finished based on the coding and comments of each worksheet after the quality and scientific validity of the chosen articles were evaluated. The historical period, authors' gender, regional distribution, research technique, study purpose, theoretical approach, elements and variables impacting empowerment, and the function of women's empowerment, among other variables, were the indicators examined in the spreadsheets. After reviewing and contrasting the worksheets using the data collected, the research's goal was eventually met by combining and evaluating the data. According to the study's conclusions, notable and significant aspects that were looked at in five areas (economic, social, political, psychological, and individual) in addition to background factors have been classified and summarized.

This research has investigated the factors and consequences of violence against women in the form of a qualitative study using grounded theory methodology. Due to the appropriateness of qualitative methods in identifying and investigating the hidden angles of the phenomenon of family violence, this method has been used. In this research, purposeful sampling was used to collect information and select participants for conducting interviews. Until the desired cases and theoretical saturation were reached, 21 women who were victims of violence between the ages of 20-45 who come to the social emergency center of Nahavand city, in-depth interview and Semi-structured to It was done. After analyzing and checking the content of the interviews and statements of the abused women, using open coding, primary concepts were selected and 20 major categories were selected in the axial coding and one central or core category was selected and extracted in the selective coding. The results of this research show that different conditions and contexts are influential in the occurrence and increase of family violence. which factors such as husband's addiction, patriarchal attitude, wife's unemployment and gender socialization as causal conditions and factors such as husband's personality problems and disorders, forced and early marriage, observing and experiencing violence and lack of support from family and surrounding people as background conditions and factors such as interference Relatives and friends and low education Husband’s has been effective as an intervening condition in husbands' violence against women.

The purpose of this research is to designing and validating the model of job requirements and job resources that affect employees' job engagement. The research is of mixed exploratory type (qualitative and quantitative). To collect qualitative data, thematic analysis method and semi-structured interview (with 17 experts using purposive sampling method) were used, and to collect data in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire titled (Importance of items) was used. The statistical population includes all 200 employees of the cinema and audio-visual organization in Iran. In the quantitative section, 127 people were randomly selected as a sample using Morgan's sampling table. The validity of the questionnaires was measured through face validity and confirmatory factor analysis. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze qualitative data, and confirmatory factor analysis and Lisrel software were used to validate the qualitative model Based on the qualitative results of the research, 7 main components were identified and the theme network model was drawn. The results of the quantitative analysis have also confirmed the significance of the relationship between the indicators, components and dimensions of the model.

The issue of development is one of the main challenges of human societies and has had consequences such as the occurrence of hidden violence in couples' relationships. This article deals with the sociological investigation of the impact of socio-economic development factors on silent violence between educated couples. To find the causes and factors of violence and the role of development in its occurrence, the survey method was used and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is all educated and young couples who have been in the University of Science and Research, who are between 22 and 35 years old. 384 people were selected as a statistical sample using the cluster and then quota sampling methods. The data collection tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher, and the data and the findings of the research were analyzed using SPSS22 software and Lisrel structural equation modeling. Data analysis shows that there is a significant relationship between equality, social progress, happiness, freedom and social capital with silent violence. Also, using the structural equation model, the effect of socio-economic factors of development on each of the indicators of silent violence between educated couples are: social capital (0.40), social progress (0.67), happiness (0.68), individual freedom (0.51), and equality (0.73). As a result, silent violence between educated couples is affected by development developments.

The present article investigates the collocation of verb and noun in Persian language by reviewing different approaches to investigate collocation, from the cognitive viewpoint. On this basis, theories of Cowie (1998) and Howarth (1996) is the theoretical framework of the present research.  The present research has been conducted based on data of standard Persian language (writing) and its data were selected from corpora of Intelligent Signal Processing Research Center and Dehkhoda Dictionary.  The cognitive study of the data is based on the collocation of the word "zadan". For example, for the cognitive analysis of the collocation of "del be darya zadan", different readings of the words " del be darya " and "zadan" and their combination in two sensor motor and non sensor motor domains have been investigated. It is generally concluded from the present research that in Persian language, it is possible to study the motivation of the speakers to use collocation of the words with cognitive tools such as form, schema, and prominence, and give a new classification of this linguistic phenomenon. On this basis, one can propose the classification of free and open collocation based on the degree of prominence and schema. The frequency of collocation can also be predicted based on these two cognitive criteria. The present thesis has been written in five chapters as introduction, review of literature, concepts and theoretical framework, data analysis and conclusion.

This research is an attempt to shed light on the issues related to the mechanism of power and its sociological implications in David Mamet’s Edmond based on Michel Foucault’s point of view. Power is present everywhere, and it is something that operates in the form of a network. In this regard, the modern form power described as disciplinary power differs from the negative ruling power that focuses on deduction and torture. In Edmond, individuals try to exercise their power by advancing their knowledge as a new discourse to diminish other previous discourses. The society in which Edmond enters to reach happiness is a place where he is trapped into the disciplinary power of panopticism. The disciplinary power controls individuals and constructs their identities. Their identities are constructed by the socio-cultural environment; therefore, they become docile bodies and subject to power relations by means of normalization and constant surveillance. The result shows that any deviation from the norms, punishment is exercised on the individuals’ souls and subsequently shapes their bodies as well.

House wives, due to their specific position in the family, should be empowered in any possible way including different forms of training. That house wives belong to a vulnerable group in the society makes attention to them more necessary. With a view to this issue, this study aimed at investigating the effect of virtual English language teaching on Iranian house wives’ domestic violence and quality of life. In so doing, a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design was used. The target population of this study included Iranian house wives. From the population, about 60 Iranian house wives from different cities of Iran were selected through available sampling. The participants were randomly divided into two groups namely, the experimental and control groups. The required data were collected through the following instruments: The Domestic Violence against Women Questionnaire (Mohseni Tabrizi et al., 2011) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHO-QOL-BREF). Data analysis was conducted running descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Leven test, and one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings confirmed a significantly positive impact of virtual English language teaching on Iranian House wives’ domestic violence and quality of life. The findings have implications for top-level educational authorities, social emergency administrators, and future researchers.